- A collection
of small and large software that help in the management of the computer
hardware resources is called an operating system.
- As the term suggests it
operates or drives the system.
- The basic common services required by the computer
programs are offered by this OS only.
- Without an OS, the
application programs would fail to function.
- Operating systems are of many
types.
- One such type is the time sharing OS that schedules the tasks to be done
so that the processor time, printing, mass storage and so on resources could be
utilized efficiently.
- It is an intermediate thing between the hardware and the
user.
- It is through the OS that you are able to actually communicate with the
computer hardware.
- Functions such as memory allocation and basic input output
operations are dependent totally on the OS.
- Even though the hardware directly
executes the application code, it does frequently involve the OS or OS itself
interrupts in between.
- Any device containing a computer do has an OS such as
video game consoles, mobile phones, web servers, super computers and so on.
- Some
popular OS are:
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Android
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BSD
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Linux
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iOS
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Microsoft windows
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Windows phone
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Mac OS X
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IBM z/ OS
All the
OS have relation with UNIX save windows and z/OS.
- Types of
Operating systems are:
- Real time OS
- Multi – user OS
- Multi – tasking OS
- Single - tasking OS
- Distributed OS
- Embedded OS
- It was in
1950 that the basic operating systems came in to existence such as parallel
processing, interrupts and run time libraries.
- Assembly language was used for
writing the UNIX OS.
- There are many sub–categories in the Unix like family of the operating
systems:
- System V
- BSD
- Linux and so on.
- A number
of computer architectures are supported by these Unix – like systems.
- They come
in heavy use in the following fields:
- Servers in business
- Work stations in academic
- Engineering environments
- Few UNIX
variants are available for free such as BSD, Linux etc. and are quite popular.
- The
holder of the Unix trademark is the open group and it has certified four Oss as
Unix so far.
- Two of the original system V Unix descendants are IBM’s AIX and
HP’s HP – UX and they run only on the hardware provided by their manufacturer.
- Opposite
to these is the sun microsystem’s Solaris OS that can be used on different
hardware types (inclusive of the Sparc and x86 servers etc. and PCs). - The POSIX
standard was established to the sought the inter-operability of the Unix.
- This
standard is applicable for any OS now, even though originally it was developed
especially for the variants of Unix.
- Berkeley
Software Distribution or BSD family is a Unix sub–group.
- It includes the
following:
- FreeBSD
- NetBSD
- OpenBSD
- The major
use of all of these is in the web servers.
- Furthermore, they are also capable of
functioning as a PC OS.
- BSD has made a great contribution in the existence of
the internet.
- Most of the protocols were refined and implemented in BSD.
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